Effect of multi-walled CNTs polyurethane mats lamination with basalt fabrics reinforced-epoxy composites reviewed on tension and bending properties
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Keywords:
Electrospinning, Polyurethane, Basalt fabric, Stacking
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Abstract
Material technology continues to develop with various innovations and engineering to improve weaknesses in both mechanical and physical properties. In this study, electrospun fibres containing a multi-wall blend of CNT and Polyurethane (PU) with or without surfactant that laminated into a basalt fibre-reinforced composite were uniquely demonstrated. Multi-wall CNT 3wt% was added to the PU/MEK/DMF solution and produced using an electrospinning process. PU fibre mat containing 3wt% CNT was made without and with surfactants. Also, Basalt fibre reinforced epoxy composite as a control sample was produced. In addition, vacuum-assisted resin transfer printing has been used in the manufacture of composite panels containing both fibres. The aim of combining basalt fibre and PU CNT spun mats was to investigate their effect on the tensile and flexural mechanical properties. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out on a universal testing machine (UTM) in accordance to ASTM D 638 and ASTM D790 standards. FESEM and TEM on composite morphology test were done after testing. The results indicated that the basal matting fibre-reinforced epoxy composites stacked by PU mats with or without surfactants were affected by CNT inclusions. Nanofiber spun mats laminated in a basalt fibre composite lead to a considerable increase in both loads (i.e. tensile and flexural properties). The highest tensile and flexural load values occurred in the BF+PU-mat-2 sample with triton-x 100 surfactants compared to BFRP. The increase in tensile and flexural modulus values was at 13% and 17.3%, respectively. On the other hand, there was a decrease in shear failure due to tensile and bending loads due to the brittleness of the composite reinforcement. In conclusion, this CNF-mat lamination is highly suitable to be used to improve the strength properties of BFRP composites. It is highly recommended for automotive parts, marine compartments and storage insulation.
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Sugiarti, N. W., Adi Atmika, K., & Ary Subagia, I. D. G. (2023). Effect of multi-walled CNTs polyurethane mats lamination with basalt fabrics reinforced-epoxy composites reviewed on tension and bending properties. Communications in Science and Technology, 8(1), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1195
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B. Su, T. Zhang, S. Chen, J. Hao, R. Zhang. Thermal properties of novel sandwich roof panel made of basalt fiber reinforced plastic material. Journal of Building Engineering., 52 (2022) 104478.
S.S. Vinay, M.R. Sanjay, S. Siengchin, C. V Venkatesh. Basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites filled with nano fillers: a short review. Materials Today: Proceedings., 52 (2022) 2460–2466.
J. Il Lim, K.Y. Rhee, H.J. Kim, D.H. Jung. Effect of stacking sequence on the flexural and fracture properties of carbon / basalt / epoxy hybrid composites. Carbon Letters., 15 (2014) 125–128.
G. Mittal, K.Y. Rhee. Chemical vapor deposition-based grafting of cnts onto basalt fabric and their reinforcement in epoxy-based composites. Composites Science and Technology., 165 (2018) 84–94.
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H. He, P. Yang, Z. Duan, Z. Wang, Y. Liu. Reinforcing effect of hybrid nano-coating on mechanical properties of basalt fiber/poly(lactic acid) environmental composites. Composites Science and Technology., 199 (2020) 108372.
A.B.D. Nandiyanto, G.C.S. Girsang, R. Maryanti, R. Ragadhita, S. Anggraeni, F.M. Fauzi, P. Sakinah, A.P. Astuti, D. Usdiyana, M. Fiandini, M.W. Dewi, A.S.M. Al-Obaidi. Isotherm adsorption characteristics of carbon microparticles prepared from pineapple peel waste. Communications in Science and Technology., 5 (2020) 31–39.
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C. Huang, X. Qian, R. Yang. Thermal conductivity of polymers and polymer nanocomposites. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports., 132 (2018) 1–22.
L.D. Tijing, C.H. Park, W.L. Choi, M.T.G. Ruelo, A. Amarjargal, H.R. Pant, I.T. Im, C.S. Kim. Characterization and mechanical performance comparison of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyurethane composites fabricated by electrospinning and solution casting. Composites Part B: Engineering., 44 (2013) 613–619.
M. Jafarpour, A.S. Aghdam, A. Ko?ar, F.Ç. Cebeci, M. Ghorbani. Electrospinning of ternary composite of pmma-peg-sio2 nanoparticles: comprehensive process optimization and electrospun properties. Materials Today Communications., 29 (2021).
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A. Zucchelli, M.L. Focarete, C. Gualandi, S. Ramakrishna. Electrospun nanofibers for enhancing structural performance of composite materials. Polymers for Advanced Technologies., 22 (2011) 339–349.
K. Bilge, E. Ozden-Yenigun, E. Simsek, Y.Z. Menceloglu, M. Papila. Structural composites hybridized with epoxy compatible polymer/mwcnt nanofibrous interlayers. Composites Science and Technology., 72 (2012) 1639–1645.
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N. Angel, Liping. Guo, F. Yan, H. Wang, Lingyan. Kong. Effect of processing parameters on the electrospinning of cellulose acetate studied by response surface methodology. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research., 2 (2020) 100015.
Z. Mohammadalizadeh, E. Bahremandi-Toloue, S. Karbasi. Recent advances in modification strategies of pre- and post-electrospinning of nanofiber scaffolds in tissue engineering. Reactive and Functional Polymers., 172 (2022) 105202.
S. Saraiva, P. Pereira, C.T. Paula, R.C. Rebelo, J.F.J. Coelho, A.C. Serra, A.C. Fonseca. Development of electrospun mats based on hydrophobic hydroxypropyl cellulose derivatives. Materials Science and Engineering C., 131 (2021) 112498.
L.D. Tijing, J.S. Choi, S. Lee, S.H. Kim, H.K. Shon. Recent progress of membrane distillation using electrospun nanofibrous membrane. Journal of Membrane Science., 453 (2014) 435–462.
X.W. and T.L. Jian Fang. Functional Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers, in: Nanofibers - Production, Properties and Functional Applications, 2020: pp. 283–343.
M. Shneider, X.M. Sui, I. Greenfeld, H.D. Wagner. Electrospinning of epoxy fibers. Polymer., 235 (2021) 124307.
M.Demir, I.Yilgor, E.Yilgor, B.Erman. Electrospinning of polyurethane fibers. Polymer., 43 (2002) 3303–3309.
C. Lu, P. Chen, J. Li, Y. Zhang. Computer simulation of electrospinning. part i. effect of solvent in electrospinning. Polymer., 47 (2006) 915–921.
D.H. Reneker, A.L. Yarin, E. Zussman, H. Xu. Electrospinning of Nanofibers from Polymer Solutions and Melts, 2007.
B.P. Sautter. Continuous Polymer Nanofibers Using Electrospinning, 2005.
O.S. Yördem, M. Papila, Y.Z. Mencelo?lu. Effects of electrospinning parameters on polyacrylonitrile nanofiber diameter: an investigation by response surface methodology. Materials and Design., 29 (2008) 34–44.
S.J. Yuanxin Zhou, Farhana Pervin, Vijaya K. Rangari. Fabrication and evaluation of carbon nano fiber filled carbon/epoxy composite. Materials Science and Engineering A., 426 (2006) 221–228.
I.D.G. Ary Subagia, Y. Kim. A study on flexural properties of carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composites. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology., 27 (2013) 987–992.
I.D.G.A. Subagia, Y. Kim. Tensile behavior of hybrid epoxy composite laminate containing carbon and basalt fibers. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials., 21 (2014) 211–217.
A.M. Elsharif, O.A. Bukhari. Carbon nanofilms blended with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and triton x-100 for energy harvesting application. Oriental Journal of Chemistry., 36 (2020) 397–409.
H. Yoon, H. Kim, P. Matteini, B. Hwang. Research trends on the dispersibility of carbon nanotube suspension with surfactants in their application as electrodes of batteries: a mini-review. Batteries., 8 (2022).
D. Švára, B. Kop?ivová, T. Picek, P. Mikeš, A. Kluk, M. Šoóš. The impact of the lamination pressure on the properties of electrospinned nanofibrous films. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences., 173 (2022) 106170.
C.J. Thompson, G.G. Chase, A.L. Yarin, D.H. Reneker. Effects of parameters on nanofiber diameter determined from electrospinning model. Polymer., 48 (2007) 6913–6922.
D.C. Davis, J.W. Wilkerson, J. Zhu, D.O.O. Ayewah. Improvements in mechanical properties of a carbon fiber epoxy composite using nanotube science and technology. Composite Structures., 92 (2010) 2653–2662.
J.H. Lee, K.Y. Rhee, S.J. Park. The tensile and thermal properties of modified cnt-reinforced basalt/epoxy composites. Materials Science and Engineering A., 527 (2010) 6838–6843.
K. Molnar, L.M. Vas, T. Czigany. Determination of tensile strength of electrospun single nanofibers through modeling tensile behavior of the nanofibrous mat. Composites Part B: Engineering., 43 (2012) 15–21.
R. Eslami-Farsani, H. Aghamohammadi, S.M.R. Khalili, H. Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri, H. Jalali. Recent trend in developing advanced fiber metal laminates reinforced with nanoparticles: A review study, 2022.
D.R. Bortz, C. Merino, I. Martin-Gullon. Mechanical characterization of hierarchical carbon fiber/nanofiber composite laminates. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing., 42 (2011) 1584–1591.
H. Li, Y. Qiu. Dispersion, sedimentation and aggregation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as affected by single and binary mixed surfactants. Royal Society Open Science., 6 (2019).
D.C. Davis, B.D. Whelan. An experimental study of interlaminar shear fracture toughness of a nanotube reinforced composite. Composites Part B: Engineering., 42 (2011) 105–116.
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