Preparation of Mo-impregnated mordenite catalysts for the conversion of refined kernel palm oil into bioavtur
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Keywords:
bioavtur, H-mordenite, hydrodeoxygenation, palm kernel oil, molybdenum
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Abstract
The research aims to study the effects of Mo metal embedded on H-Mordenite on its activity and selectivity of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for Refined Palm Kernel Oil (RPKO) into bioavtur. The RPKO was obtained from the results of degumming and bleaching process of palm kernel oil and then analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The impregnation of Mo metal was carried out by spraying using an ammonium heptamolybdate precursor solution ((NH4)6Mo7O24•4H2O) with an initial Mo metal content of 5, 10, and 15wt% of H-Mordenite to produce 5-Mo/Mor, 10-Mo/Mor, and 15-Mo/Mor. The 15-Mo/Mor catalyst produced the highest amount of liquid product (46.08wt%) with bioavtur yield of 43.19wt%. The usability test showed that 15-Mo/Mor catalyst still produced a good performance after three times of use in the RPKO feed HDO with the second and third run test liquid product of 34.82 and 46.14wt% respectively with bioavtur yield of 32.58 and 43.45wt%, respectively.
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Trisunaryanti, W., Triyono, Wijaya, K., Kartini, I., Purwono, S., Rodiansono, Mara, A., & Budiyansah, A. (2023). Preparation of Mo-impregnated mordenite catalysts for the conversion of refined kernel palm oil into bioavtur. Communications in Science and Technology, 8(2), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1288
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2. A. Scuderi, M. Cammarata, F. Branca, and G. Timpanaro, Agricultural production trends towards carbon neutrality in response to the EU 2030 Green deal: Economic and environmental analysis in horticulture, Agric. Econ. 67 (2021).
3. A. Raihan, The contribution of economic development, renewable energy, technical advancements, and forestry to Uruguay’s objective of becoming carbon neutral by 2030, Carbon Res. 2 (2023).
4. G.K. Ayetor, A.K. Sunnu, and M.A. Kesse, Engine performance and emissions of fuel produced from palm kernel oil, Biofuels. 13 (2022).
5. J. Wang, et al., Creating values from wastes: Producing biofuels from waste cooking oil via a tandem vapor-phase hydrotreating process, Appl. Energy 323 (2022).
6. E. Kwao-Boateng, M. Agbedam, A.N.P. Agyemang, E. Acquah, K.A. Ofori, and A.T. Tagoe, Comparative analysis of palm kernel and waste cooking oils for biodiesel production as an alternative fuel to conventional diesel fuel, J. Ghana Inst. Eng. 23 (2023).
7. H. Wijayanti et al., Evaluation of stirring rate and pH on phenolic compounds recovery from palm kernel shell heavy phase bio-oil, Commun. Sci. Technol. 8 (2023).
8. R. Jelita, J. Jefriadi, M.J. Mahdi, and M. Hafiz, Effect of temperature and blending ratio to product distribution of co-pyrolysis lignite and palm kernel shell, Konversi 10 (2021).
9. J. Silalahi, L.K. Karo, S.M. Sinaga, and Y.C.E. Silalahi, Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils, Indones. J. Pharm. Clin. Res. 1 (2018) 1–8.
10. M. Makcharoen, A. Kaewchada, N. Akkarawatkhoosith, and A. Jaree, Biojet fuel production via deoxygenation of crude palm kernel oil using Pt/C as catalyst in a continuous fixed bed reactor, Energy Convers. Manag. X. 12 (2021) 100125.
11. A. Mancini, E. Imperlini, E. Nigro, C. Montagnese, A. Daniele, S. Orrù, and P. Buono, Biological and nutritional properties of palm oil and palmitic acid: Effects on health, Molecules. 20 (2015) 17339–17361.
12. R. El-Araby, E. Abdelkader, G. El Diwani, and S.I. Hawash, Bio-aviation fuel via catalytic hydrocracking of waste cooking oils, Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. 44 (2020) 1.
13. D. Guo, B. Cai, R. Kang, S. Wang, J. Feng, and H. Pan, Selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexanol over NixCoyAlz catalysts under mild conditions, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 170 (2023) 105876.
14. P. Wang et al., Highly efficient alloyed NiCu/Nb2O5 catalyst for the hydrodeoxygenation of biofuel precursors into liquid alkanes, Catal. Sci. Technol. 10 (2020).
15. H. Xu and H. Li, Alcohol-assisted hydrodeoxygenation as a sustainable and cost-effective pathway for biomass derivatives upgrading, J. Energy Chem. 73 (2022) 133–159.
16. T. Dickerson and J. Soria, Catalytic fast pyrolysis: A review, Energies. 6 (2013) 514–538.
17. E.W Qian, N. Chen, and S. Gong, Role of support in deoxygenation and isomerization of methyl stearate over nickel-molybdenum catalysts, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 387 (2014) .
18. W. Wang, Y. Yang, H. Luo, H. Peng, B. He, and W. Liu, Preparation of Ni(Co)-W-B amorphous catalysts for cyclopentanone hydrodeoxygenation, Catal. Commun. 12 (2011) 1275–1279.
19. W. Trisunaryanti, I.I. Falah, D.R. Prihandini, and M.F. Marsuki, Synthesis of ni/mesoporous silica-alumina using sidoarjo mud and bovine bone gelatin template for hydrocracking of waste lubricant, Rasayan J. Chem. 12 (2019) 1523–1529.
20. J. Liao, et al., New approach for bio-jet fuels production by hydrodeoxygenation of higher alcohols derived from C-C coupling of bio-ethanol, Appl. Energy. 324 (2022) 119843.
21. C. Guild, S. Biswas, Y. Meng, T. Jafari, A.M. Gaffney, and S.L. Suib, Perspectives of spray pyrolysis for facile synthesis of catalysts and thin films: An introduction and summary of recent directions, Catal. Today. 238 (2014) 87–94.
22. S. Sriatun, H. Susanto, W. Widayat, and A. Darmawan, Hydrocracking of coconut oil on the NiO/Silica-rich zeolite synthesized using a quaternary ammonium surfactant, Indones. J. Chem. 21 (2021) 361–375.
23. M.S. Ibrahim, W. Trisunaryanti, and T. Triyono, nickel supported parangtritis beach sand (pp) catalyst for hydrocracking of palm and malapari oil into biofuel, BCREC 17(3) (2022).
24. I.K. Nugraheni, N. Nuryati, A.A.B. Persada, T. Triyono, and W. Trisunaryanti, Impregnated zeolite as catalyst in esterification treatment from high free fatty acids palm oil mill effluent, J. Rekayasa Kim. Lingkung. 16 (2021).
25. T. Triyono, W. Trisunaryanti, J. Purbonegoro, and S.I. Aksanti, Effect of cobalt impregnation methods on Parangtritis sand towards catalysts activity in hydrocracking of degummed low-quality Ujung Kulon Malapari oil into biohydrocarbons, React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. (2023).
26. M. Faisal, S. Suhartana, and P. Pardoyo, Zeolit Alam Termodifikasi Logam Fe sebagai Adsorben Fosfat (PO43-) pada Air Limbah, J. Kim. Sains dan Apl. 18 (2015) 91–95.
27. M.C.D Dominic, P.M.S. Begum, R. Joseph, D. Joseph, P. Kumar, and E.P. Ayswarya, Synthesis, characterization and application of rice husk nanosilica in natural rubber, Int. J. Sci. Environ. Technol. 2 (2013) 1027-1035.
28. S.K. Sen et al., Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Study of Hydrothermally Synthesized h-MoO3 Nanorods and ?-MoO3 Nanoplates, Bionanoscience. 9 (2019) 873–882.
29. K. Wijaya, A. Nadia, A. Dinana, A.F. Pratiwi, A.D. Tikoalu, and A.C. Wibowo, Catalytic hydrocracking of fresh and waste frying oil over ni-and mo-based catalysts supported on sulfated silica for biogasoline production, Catalysts. 11 (2021) 1–15.
30. N. Septiani, Analisis Struktur Kristal Lithium Oksida dan Niobium Pentaoksida dengan XRD SNF2015-VII-29 SNF2015-VII-30, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, 2015, pp. 29–32.
31. X.F. Li, R. Prins, and J.A. van Bokhoven, Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous mordenite, J. Catal. 262 (2009) 257–265.
32. R.A. Febriansyar, T. Riyanto, I. Istadi, D.D. Anggoro, and B. Jongsomjit, Bifunctional CaCO3 / HY catalyst in the simultaneous cracking-deoxygenation of palm oil to diesel-range hydrocarbons, Indones. J. Sci. Technol. 8 (2023) 281–306.
33. A. Benavides, P. Benjumea, F.B. Cortés, and M.A. Ruiz, Chemical composition and low-temperature fluidity properties of jet fuels, Processes. 9 (2021) 1–13.
34. A.A. Jrai, A.H. Al-Muhtaseb, F. Jamil, and M.T.Z. Myint, Green hydrocarbons fuel production from agricultural waste biomass in the presence of a novel heterogeneous catalyst, Biomass Convers. Biorefinery. (2023).
35. S.H. Hassan, N.K. Attia, G.I. El Diwani, S.K. Amin, R.S. Ettouney, and M.A. El-Rifai, Catalytic hydrocracking of jatropha oil over natural clay for bio-jet fuel production, Sci. Rep. 13 (2023) 13419.
36. M.F. Carli, B.H. Susanto, and T.K. Habibie, Sythesis of bioavture through hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking from oleic acid using NiMo/Zeolit catalyst, E3S Web Conf. 67 (2018) 02023.
37. R.H. Agharadatu, K. Wijaya, Prastyo, Wangsa, and W.C. Oh, Application of mesoporous nimo/silica (NiMo/SiO2) as a catalyst in the hydrocracking of used cooking oil into jet fuel, Silicon. (2023).
38. M. Shetty, K. Murugappan, T. Prasomsri, W.H., Green, and Y., Román-Leshkov, Reactivity and stability investigation of supported molybdenum oxide catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of m-cresol, J. Catal. 331 (2015).