One-stage microwave-assisted activated carbon preparation from Langsat peel raw material for adsorption of iron, manganese and copper from acid mining waste
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Keywords:
Lansium Domesticum peel, microwave, activated carbon, adsorption, acid mine waste
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Abstract
This study describes the efficacy of microwave technology for the preparation of an activated carbon from Lansium domesticum peel as an adsorbent to adsorb Fe, Cu, and Mn from acid mine waste. In contrast to the conventional pyrolytic carbonization technique, the described method demonstrated several unparalleled advantages, including superior energy efficiency and remarkably rapid processing. The reported microwave irradiation method was able readily to achieve a morphology and extensive surface area similar to that of a sample produced using the traditional pyrolytic carbonization method for 2 hours, and this was accomplished in just 10 minutes. The activated carbon obtained was characterized using SEM-EDX, BET-BJH, and proximate test and applied to adsorb metal ions from acid mine waste to evaluate the isothermal adsorption model. The best power for activated carbon production was 400 watts for 10 minutes, which met the requirements of ASTM D 4607 for determining the iodine value of activated carbon. Optimal mass for adsorbing Fe, Cu, and Mn from acid mine waste was 4 grams with the removal percentages of 94.08%, 83.69%, and 90.67%, respectively. BET surface area was 1367.0385 m2/g along with a BJH cumulative volume and an average pore diameter of 1.112 cm3/g and 2.25 nm, respectively. This suggests that it possesses mesoporous characteristics and adheres to the Langmuir model during the adsorption process, signifying monolayer adsorption. Meanwhile, kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation.
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Ni’mah, L., Juliastuti, S. R., & Mahfud, M. (2023). One-stage microwave-assisted activated carbon preparation from Langsat peel raw material for adsorption of iron, manganese and copper from acid mining waste. Communications in Science and Technology, 8(2), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.8.2.2023.1299
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15. J. Tang, and F. P. Resurreccion, Electromagnetic basis of microwave heating, Dev. Packag. Prod. Use Microw. Ovens, Woodhead Publishing Ltd. 2009.
16. V. Palma, D. Barba, M. Cortese, M. Martino, S. Renda, and E. Meloni, Microwaves and heterogeneous catalysis: A review on selected catalytic processes, Catalysts, 10 (2020) 1-58 .
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18. S. Cheng, S. Zhang, L. Zhang, H. Xia, J. Peng, and S. Wang, Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Activated Carbon from Eupatorium Adenophorum: Effects of Preparation Parameters, High Temp. Mater. Process. 36 (2017) 805–814.
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20. A. Nur Hidayah, M. A. Umi Fazara, Z. Nor Fauziah, and M. K. Aroua, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from the sea mango (Cerbera Odollam) with impregnation in phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Asean J. Chem. Eng. 15 (2015) 22–30.
21. G. Enaime, K. Ennaciri, A. Ounas, A. Baçaoui, M. Seffen, T. Selmi, and A. Yaacoubi, Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from olive wastes by physical and chemical activation: Application to Indigo carmine adsorption, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 8 (2017) 4125–4137.
22. M. Zi?zio, B. Charmas, K. Jedynak, M. Hawryluk, and K. Kucio, Preparation and characterization of activated carbons obtained from the waste materials impregnated with phosphoric acid(V), Appl. Nanosci. 10 (2020) 4703–4716.
23. H. Fa?tynowicz, J. Kaczmarczyk, and M. Ku?azy?ski, Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from biomass material - Giant knotweed (Reynoutria sachalinensis), Open Chem., 13 (2015) 1150–1156.
24. O.A., Ekpete, and JNR, Horsfall., Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived From Fluted Pumpkin Stem Waste ( Telfairia Occidentalis Hook . F ), Res. J. Chem. Sci. 1 (2011) 10-17.
25. D. O. Kra, N. B. Allou, P. Atheba, P. Drogui, and A. Trokourey, Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Based on Wood, J. Encapsulation Adsorpt. Sci. 9 (2019), 63–82.
26. K. V. Kumar, S. Gadipelli, B. Wood, K. A. Ramisetty, A. A. Stewart, C. A. Howard, D. J. L. Brett, and F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, Characterization of the adsorption site energies and heterogeneous surfaces of porous materials, J. Mater. Chem. 7 (2019) 10104–10137.
27. R. Chen, L. Li, Z. Liu, M. Lu, C. Wang, H. Li, W. Ma, and S. Wang, Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from tobacco stem by chemical activation, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 67 (2017) 713–724.
28. A. H. Abdullah, A. Kassim, Z. Zainal, M. Z. Hussien, and F. A. Dzulkefly Kuang, Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Gelam Wood Bark (Melaleuca cajuputi), Malaysian J. Anal. Sci. 7 (2001) 65–68.
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