Modification of Ag3PO4 surface using a nanosilver solution prepared under sunflower seed extract
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Abstract
Designing new properties of Ag3PO4 photocatalysts is challenging as the Ag3PO4 surface is highly susceptible to photocorrosion. This study aims to improve the properties of Ag3PO4 by modifying its surface using a nanosilver solution prepared under sunflower seed extract. This photocatalyst was prepared by chemical coprecipitation. Based on XPS analysis, the interaction of nanosilver solution with the Ag3PO4 surface significantly affected the P 2p chemical state and decreased the Ag/P atomic ratio of Ag3PO4. The modification of the Ag3PO4 surface by nanosilver solution resulted in the formation of silver vacancy defects and the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the Ag3PO4 surface. This new design of Ag3PO4 showed a remarkable photocatalytic reaction for Rhodamine B oxidation and antibacterial activity under blue light irradiation. The photocatalytic reaction was mainly driven by forming superoxide anion radicals and hole species. This phenomenon can provide a new direction in the improvement of the photocatalytic ability of Ag3PO4 through a natural plant material approach.
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Azmi, V. A., Sulaeman, U., Larasati, R., Hermawan, D., Asnani, A., Isnaeni, I., & Yin, S. (2025). Modification of Ag3PO4 surface using a nanosilver solution prepared under sunflower seed extract. Communications in Science and Technology, 10(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.10.1.2025.1642
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References
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X. Zhang, C. Chen, T. Cheng, Y. Tian, M. Wen, B. Hou et al., Construction highly efficient p–n heterojunctions composite of BiBaO3 and Ag3PO4 for visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and oxytetracycline, Water Resour. Ind. 31 (2024) 100246.
Y. Wu, Y. Luo, C. Yang and Q. Wu, Enhanced efficiency of interfacial charge transfer in Ag3PO4/BiPO4@CNTs photocatalyst for amoxicillin degradation: Synergistic effect of p-n heterojunction and conjugated channels, Surf. Interfaces 51 (2024) 104801.
S. Pahi, B. Mahapatra, A. Behera, S.K. Singh and R.K. Patel, Fermi level induced band edge alignment and band bending in Ag3PO4/Cu2O p-n heterojunction for proficient photocatalytic applications, Mater. Chem. Phys. 305 (2023) 127992.
O. Oyegbeda, S.O. Akpotu and B. Moodley, A novel Z-scheme covalent triazine framework/silver phosphate (CTF/Ag3PO4) heterojunction photocatalyst: Improved adsorption, photocatalytic degradation and degradation mechanism of rifampicin, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 12 (2024) 113447.
Z. Fu, K. Ye, Z. Dong, S. Li, H. Zhou, S. Xia et al., Lattice matched Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/Ag3PO4 enhanced photocatalytic performance by controlling morphology synthesis, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 12 (2024) 113427.
N. Ding, Q. Fei, D. Xiao, H. Zhang, H. Yin, C. Yuan et al., Highly efficient and recyclable Z-scheme heterojunction of Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 floating foam for photocatalytic inactivation of harmful algae under visible light, Chemosphere 317 (2023) 137773.
Y. Dai, Y. Wang, G. Zuo, J. Kong, Y. Guo, C. Sun et al., Photodegradation of acenaphthylene over plasmonic Ag/Ag3PO4 nanopolyhedrons synthesized via in-situ reduction, Appl. Surf. Sci. 572 (2022) 151421.
X. Ren, G. Hu, Q. Guo, D. Gao, L. Wang and X. Hu, Ag/Ag3PO4 nanoparticles assembled on sepiolite nanofibers: Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalysis and the important role of Ag decoration, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process 156 (2023) 107272.
S. Zhang, C. Lei and L. Song, Chiral induction enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by Ag@Ag3PO4 and the reaction mechanism, Ceram. Int. 49 (2023) 26548–26557.
P.J. Mafa, R. Patala, B.B. Mamba, D. Liu, J. Gui, A.T. Kuvarega, Plasmonic Ag3PO4/EG photoanode for visible light-driven photoelectrocatalytic degradation of diuretic drug, Chem. Eng. J. 393 (2020) 124804.
T. Du, C. Hu, Y. Li, Y. Pang, M. Li, B. Liu et al., High-efficiency photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and tetracycline by Z-scheme nanostructured Ag/Ag3PO4/Ti3+-TiO2 mesocrystals heterojunctions under visible light, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process 172 (2024) 108081.
C. Zhang, X. Ni, W. Xu, J. Chen, L. Wang, R. Liu et al., Highly efficient visible-light photocatalyst Ag/Ag3PO4/Bi2O2CO3 enabled by the synergistic effect of heterojunction and surface plasma resonance, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process 166 (2023) 107704.
F. Liu, Y. Wang, S. Zhang, F. Sun, D. Xu, W. Wang et al., Enhanced ultraviolet–visible–near infrared driven photocatalytic activity of 1D/0D BiVO4:Er/Yb@Ag/Ag3PO4 Z-scheme heterostructure via a synergetic strategy of plasmonic effect and upconversion luminescence, Ceram. Int. 49 (2023) 26589–26603.
U. Sulaeman, D. Hermawan, R. Andreas, A.Z. Abdullah and S. Yin, Native defects in silver orthophosphate and their effects on photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, Appl. Surf. Sci. 428 (2018) 1029–1035.
U. Sulaeman, R. Larasati, D.A.R.W. Putri, D. Hermawan, A. Asnani, I. Isnaeni et al., Design of defective silver phosphate photocatalyst using Nigella sativa seed aqueous extract for enhanced photocatalytic activity, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 163 (2024) 112368.
Y. Huang, T. Ma, Q.Y. Chen, C. Cao and Y. He, The electronic properties of impurities (N, C, F, Cl, and S) in Ag3PO4: A hybrid functional method study, Sci. Rep. 5 (2015) 12750.
R. Liu, H. Li, L. Duan, H. Shen, Q. Zhang and X. Zhao, The synergistic effect of graphene oxide and silver vacancy in Ag3PO4-based photocatalysts for rhodamine B degradation under visible light, Appl. Surf. Sci. 462 (2018) 263–269.
X. Liu, J. Xu, T. Zhang, J. Zhang, D. Xia, Y. Du et al. Construction of Ag nanocluster-modified Ag3PO4 containing silver vacancies via in-situ reduction: With enhancing the photocatalytic degradation activity of sulfamethoxazole, J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 629 (2023) 989–1002.
V.G. Deonikar, R.B. Mujmule, D.R. Patil and H. Kim, Efficient decontamination of toxic phenol pollutant using LaCO3OH nanowires decorated Ag3PO4 hierarchical composites mediated by metallic Ag, Sci. Total Environ. 675 (2019) 325–336.
G. Chavez-Esquivel, H. Cervantes-Cuevas, L.F. Ybieta-Olvera, M.T. Castañeda Briones, D. Acosta and J. Cabello, Antimicrobial activity of graphite oxide doped with silver against Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion test: Synthesis and characterization, Mater. Sci. Eng. C 123 (2021) 111934.
K. Sharma, S. Guleria and V.K. Razdan, Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract: characterization, antimicrobial activity and toxicity analysis, J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 29 (2020) 213–224.
M. Vanaja and G. Annadurai, Coleus aromaticus leaf extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its bactericidal activity, Appl. Nanosci. 3 (2013) 217–223.
K. Danoun, R. Tabit, A. Laghzizil and M. Zahouily, A novel approach for the synthesis of nanostructured Ag3PO4 from phosphate rock: high catalytic and antibacterial activities, BMC Chem. 15 (2021) 42.
L. Liu, Y. Qi, J. Lu, S. Lin, W. An, Y. Liang et al., A stable Ag3PO4@g-C3N4 hybrid core@shell composite with enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation, Appl. Catal. B 183 (2016) 133–141.
J.V.B. Moura, C.D. de Abreu Lima, E.A.O. Melo, V.E. Santos, W.C. Ferreira, P.T.C. Freire et al., Temperature-dependent phonon dynamics of Ag3PO4 microcrystals, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 249 (2021) 119339.
P. Partovi-Azar and T.D. Kühne, Full assignment of ab-initio Raman spectra at finite temperatures using Wannier polarizabilities: Application to cyclohexane molecule in gas phase, Micromachines 12 (2021) 1212.
D.B. Powell, J.G.V. Scott and N. Sheppard, Infrared and Raman spectra and the ?C=C stretching frequencies of some silver-olefin and platinum-olefin complexes, Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Spectrosc. 28 (1972) 327–335.
Z. Liu, Y. Liu, P. Xu, Z. Ma, J. Wang and H. Yuan, Rational design of wide spectral-responsive heterostructures of Au nanorod coupled Ag3PO4 with enhanced photocatalytic performance, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 20620–20629.
U. Sulaeman, S. Suhendar, H. Diastuti, R. Andreas and S. Yin, Design of defect and metallic silver in silver phosphate photocatalyst using the hydroxyapatite and glucose, Indones. J. Chem. 20 (2020) 1441–1447.
S.A. Chang, P.Y. Wen, T. Wu and Y.W. Lin, Microwave-assisted synthesis of chalcopyrite/silver phosphate composites with enhanced degradation of rhodamine b under photo-fenton process, Nanomater. 10 (2020) 2300.
O. Pop-Georgievski, D. Kubies, J. Zemek, N. Neykova, R. Demianchuk, E.M. Chánová et al., Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: A study of functionalization and stability, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 6 (2015) 617–631.
S. Ninganagouda, V. Rathod, D. Singh, J. Hiremath, A.K. Singh, J. Mathew et al., Growth kinetics and mechanistic action of reactive oxygen species released by silver nanoparticles from Aspergillus niger on Escherichia coli, Biomed Res. Int. 2014 (2014) 753419.
I.S. Okeke, K.K. Agwu, A.A. Ubachukwu, I.G. Madiba, M. Maaza, G.M. Whyte et al., Impact of particle size and surface defects on antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of undoped and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles, biosynthesized using one-step simple process, Vacuum 187 (2021) 110110.