Antifungal activity of microcapsule propolis from Tetragonula spp. to Candida albicans
Main Article Content
Abstract
Propolis is a mixture of resin and saliva of Tetragonula spp. that have antifungal activity. The purpose of this study was to develop spray-dried microcapsule propolis (SDMP) and to analyze its antifungal activity to Candida albicans. The SDMP was obtained using a spray drying method by maltodextrin and gum arabic coating. The antifungal activity of SDMP of rough propolis (taken from the outside beehive) and smooth propolis (taken from the inside beehive) was analyzed. The macroscopic characterization showed that SDMP has a powder form with brownish-yellow color. The microscopic characterization showed SDMP has a spherical uniform particle shape with particle size 9.32 - 14.61 µm. The encapsulation efficiency of smooth and rough SDMP was 81.22% and 83.04%; moisture content 5.58% and 5.84%; water solubility 98.19% and 98.31%, respectively. The microbial inhibitory concentration to C. albicans was the diameter of 6.33±1.5 to 10±2.5 mm. SDMP displayed remarkable activity in the assays against C. albicans.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
Open Access authors retain the copyrights of their papers, and all open access articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.
While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
2. V. Bankova, S. De Castro, M. Marcucci, Propolis?: Recent advances in chemistry and plant origin, Apidologie. 31 (2000) 3–15.
3. M. A. Savka, L. Dailey, M. Popova, R. Mihaylova, B. Merritt, M. Masek, et al., Chemical composition and disruption of quorum sensing signaling in geographically diverse United States propolis, Evidence-Based Complement, Altern. Med. 2015 (2015).
4. U. Czyzewska, J. Kononczuk, J. Teul, P. Dragowski, R. Pawlak-Morka, A. Surazynski, et. al., Verification of chemical composition of commercially available propolis extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, J. Med. Food. 18 (2015) 584–591.
5. S. Farida, M. Sahlan, E. Rohmatin, R. Adawiyah, The beneficial effect of Indonesian propolis wax from Tetragonula sp. as a therapy in limited vaginal candidiasis patients, Saudi J. Biol. Sci. (2019) 0–4.
6. M. Iqbal, T. Fan, D. Watson, S. Alenezi, K. Saleh, M. Sahlan, Preliminary studies?: The potential anti-angiogenic activities of two Sulawesi Island (Indonesia) propolis and their chemical characterization, Heliyon. 5 (2019) e01978.
7. R. Miyata, M. Sahlan, Y. Ishikawa, H. Hashimoto, S. Honda, S. Kumazawa, Propolis components from Stingless bees collected on South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, J. Nat. Prod. 82 (2019) 205–210.
8. D. K. Pratami, A. Mun, A. Sundowo, M. Sahlan, Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula bee, Pharmacogn. J. 10 (2018) 73–80.
9. M. Sahlan, A. Devina, D. K. Pratami, H. Situmorang, S. Farida, A. Munim, B. Kusumoputro, M. Yohda, A. Faried, M. Gozan, Anti-inflammatory activity of Tetragronula species from Indonesia, Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 26 (2018) 1531–1538.
10. V. M. Busch, A. Pereyra-Gonzalez, N. Segatin, P. R. Santagapita, N. Poklar Ulrih, M. P, Buera, Propolis encapsulation by spray drying: Characterization and stability, LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 75 (2017) 227–235.
11. M. Sahlan, T. Supardi, Encapsulation of Indonesian propolis by casein micelle, Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 4 (2013) 297–305.
12. D. K. Pratami, A. Mun’im, M. Yohda, H. Hermansyah, M. Gozan, Y. R. P. Putri, et al., Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of spray-dried microcapsules propolis from Tetragonula species, in AIP Conf. Proc., AIP Publishing, 2085 (2019) 020040.
13. A. N. Diva, D. K. Pratami, A. Wijanarko, H. Hermansyah, M. Sahlan, Effect of ethanolic propolis extract from Tetragonula biroi bees on the growth of human cancer cell lines HeLa and MCF-7, in AIP Conf. Proc., AIP Publishing, 2092 (2019) 30002.
14. S. Silici, A. N. Koc, Comparative study of in vitro methods to analyse the antifungal activity of propolis against yeasts isolated from patients with superficial mycoses, Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 43 (2006) 318–324.
15. P. C. M. Pereira, E. C. Navarro, Challenges and perspectives of Chagas disease: A review, J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis. 19 (2013).
16. F. S. Marquiafável, A. P. Nascimento, H. da S. Barud, F. Marquele-Oliveira, L. A. P. De-Freitas, J. K. Bastos, et al., Development and characterization of a novel standardized propolis dry extract obtained by factorial design with high artepillin C content, J. Pharm. Technol. Drug Res. 4 (2015) 1.
17. F. C. Da Silva, C. R. Da Fonseca, De Alencar, et. al., Assessment of production efficiency, physicochemical properties and storage stability of spray-dried propolis, a natural food additive, using gum Arabic and OSA starch-based carrier systems, Food Bioprod. Process. 91 (2013) 28–36.
18. B. A. S. Machado, R. P. D. Silva, G. D. A. Barreto, S. S. Costa, D. F. Da Silva, H. N. Brandão, et al., Chemical composition and biological activity of extracts obtained by supercritical extraction and ethanolic extraction of brown, green and red propolis derived from different geographic regions in Brazil, PLoS One. 11 (2016) 1–26.
19. N. L. Rosli, H. Roslan, E. A. Omar, N. Mokhtar, N. H. A. Hapit, N. Asem, Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of Trigona Apicalis propolis extract, in AIP Conf. Proc., AIP Publishing, 2016: p. 20018.
20. C. C. Chang, M. H. Yang, H. M. Wen, Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods, J. Food Drug Anal. 10 (2002) 178–182.
21. W. Siheri, T. Zhang, G. U. Ebiloma, M. Biddau, N. Woods, M. Y. Hussain, et.al., Chemical and antimicrobial profiling of propolis from different regions within Libya, PLoS One. 11 (2016) 1–16.
22. R. Onbas, A. Kazan, A. Nalbantsoy, O. Yesil-Celiktas, Cytotoxic, and nitric oxide inhibition activities of propolis extract along with microencapsulation by complex coacervation, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 71 (2016) 286–293.
23. N. V. N. Jyothi, P. M. Prasanna, S. N. Sakarkar, K. S. Prabha, P. S. Ramaiah, G. Y. Srawan, Microencapsulation techniques, factors influencing encapsulation efficiency, J. Microencapsul. 27 (2010) 187–197.
24. D. K. Pratami, A. Mun’im, H. Hermansyah, M. Gozan, M. Sahlan, Microencapsulation optimization of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula spp using response surface methodology, Int. J. App. Pharm. 12 (2020) 1.
25. P. C. T. Hannan, Guidelines and recommendations for antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing against veterinary mycoplasma species, Vet. Res. 31 (2000) 373–395.