Isolation and identification of endophytic Streptomyces strain and its antifungal activity against root-pathogenic fungi from watermelon roots
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Keywords:
Streptomyces lydicus, biological control, Fusarium fujikuroi, chitinolytic activity, watermelon rhizosphere
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Abstract
Watermelon production is frequently constrained by soil-borne fungal diseases, particularly those caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, which have been shown to severely impair plant growth and productivity. The objective of this study is to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antifungal potential of Streptomyces strains associated with watermelon-growing soils and to explore their functional traits related to biological control. A total of 22 actinomycete isolates were recovered and screened for chitinolytic and antifungal activities, leading to the selection of three promising strains designated NVC-TL3, strain 4, and NVC-TX. Morphological characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified these isolates as Streptomyces cyaneochromogenes NVC-TL3, Streptomyces toxytricini strain 4, and Streptomyces lydicus NVC-TX. All strains exhibited extracellular chitinase activity and significantly inhibited the growth of *F. fujikuroi* under in vitro conditions. Among them, S. lydicus NVC-TX demonstrated the strongest antagonistic activity, achieving 74.9% mycelial growth inhibition after 7 days of incubation. The efficacy of the substances was further confirmed by greenhouse experiments, which demonstrated a reduction in disease severity to 14.9% and a significant enhancement in plant vigor in comparison to the pathogen-inoculated control. The study revealed substantial functional variation among phylogenetically distinct Streptomyces isolates and demonstrated a close association between chitinolytic capacity and disease suppression. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge concerning the biodiversity of Streptomyces associated with watermelon and highlight the potential of S. lydicus NVC-TX as a promising biological control agent. The application of this strain could contribute to the reduction of dependence on synthetic fungicides, thereby promoting environmentally sustainable disease management, and supporting healthier and more productive watermelon cultivation systems.
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Trang, N. N. P., & Chuong, N. V. (2026). Isolation and identification of endophytic Streptomyces strain and its antifungal activity against root-pathogenic fungi from watermelon roots. Communications in Science and Technology, 11(1), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.11.1.2026.2002
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27. S. Gore, S. Singh, P. Swarnkar, Endophyte mediated plant defence responses and their potential against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, Discov. Plants 2(2025) 1-27.
28. L. Sena, E, Mica, G. Valè, P. Vaccino, N. Pecchioni, Exploring the potential of endophyte-plant interactions for improving crop sustainable yields in a changing climate. Front. Plant Sci. 15(2024)1349401.
29. N. Van Chuong, T. L. K. Tri, T. M. Vu, L. M. Tuan, T. T. Liem, N. N. P. Trang, Isolation and identification of Bacillus aryabhattai M2C: its effects with vermicompost on yield and nutrients of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Int. J. Microbiol. 2025(2025) 9923279.
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31. A. R. Ali, Y. Bahrami, E. Kakaei, S. Mohammadzadeh, S. Bouk, N. Jalilian, Isolation and identification of endophytic actinobacteria from Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad and their antibacterial properties, Microb. Cell Fact. 21(2022) 206.
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35. A. Dwiyani, Y. Retnowati, A. Sidik, Isolation and characterisation of actinomycetes in the rhizosfer pandanus ammaryllifolius plants in Gorontalo, Mikhayla J. Adv. Res. 2(2025) 19–28.
36. J. W. A. Antido, F. M. M. Climacosa, Enhanced isolation of streptomyces from different soil habitats in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines using a modified integrated approach, Int. J. Microbiol. 26 (2022) 2598963.
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40.A. A. Umar, A. B. Hussaini, J. Yahayya, I. Sani, H. Aminu, Chitinolytic and antagonistic activity of Streptomyces isolated from fadama soil against phytopathogenic fungi. Trop Life Sci. Res. 32 (2021) 25-38.
41. I. J. Seago, L. C. Marsh, K. J. Stevens, A re-examination of the root cortex in wetland flowering plants with respect to aerenchyma, Ann. Bot. 96 (2005)565-579.
42. B. Kalman, D. Abraham, S. Graph, R. Perl-Treves, Y. Meller Harel, O. Degani, Isolation and identification of Fusarium spp. the causal agents of onion (Allium cepa) basal rot in northeastern Israel, Biology 9(2020) 69.
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44. A. J. Morris, T. C. Byrne, J. F. Madden, L. B. Reller, Duration of incubation of fungal cultures, J. Clin. Microbiol. 34 (1996) 1583–1585.
45. S. Ait Assou, J. Anissi, L. Dufossé, M. Fouillaud, M. Hassouni, Inducing and enhancing antimicrobial activity of mining-soil-derived actinomycetes through component modification of bennett’s culture medium, Microbiol. Res. 16(2025) 72.
46. D. Al-Mutar, N. Alzawar, M. Noman, Suppression of fusarium wilt in watermelon by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DHA55 through extracellular production of antifungal lipopeptides, J. Fungi. 9(2023) 336.
47. M. F. Hasan, M. A. Islam, B. Sikdar, evaluation of possible biological control of Fusarium Concentricum sp. using plant extracts and antagonistic species of microbes in vitro, F1000Res. 9 (2020)1394.
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