Potential of lacto-N-biose I as a prebiotic for infant health: A review
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Keywords:
Human milk oligosaccharide, infants health, lacto-N-biose I, prebiotic, synthesis
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Abstract
Prebiotic is one alternative in the prevention of disease in infants. Generally, it is available as oligosaccharide which may occur naturally, but can also be added as a dietary supplement for food, beverage or formula. Lacto-N-biose I (LNB), a kind of prebiotic has not been widely examined in regard to its activities as a bifidogenic factor. Naturally, it is available in a compound form in human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) as the main constituent of human milk rather than fat and protein. HMOs also have prebiotic activity in the body and play an important role in providing nutrition for the infant health. LNB is potential to be used in food ingredient, especially infant food formula regarding the prebiotic effect and it could be enzymatically synthesized using enzymes involved in the LNB biosynthesis pathway by microorganisms.
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Kiyat, W. E., Astuti, S. D., Budijanto, S., & Syamsir, E. (2021). Potential of lacto-N-biose I as a prebiotic for infant health: A review. Communications in Science and Technology, 6(1), 18-24. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.6.1.2021.277
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Y. Vandenplas et al., Probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment of diseases in infants and children, J. Pediatr 87 (2011) 292–300.
K. Venema and A. P. do Carmo, Probiotics and prebiotics: Current research and future trends. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press, 2015.
M. Kiyohara, A. Tachizawa, M. Nishimoto, M. Kitaoka, H. Ashida, and K. Yamamoto, Prebiotic effect of Lacto- N -biose I on Bifidobacterial Growth, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73 (2009) 1175–1179.
A. D. D’Almeida, M. Ionata, V. Tran, C. Tellier, M. Dion, and C. Rabiller, An expeditious and efficient synthesis of ?-D-galactopyranosyl-(1?3)-D-N-acetylglucosamine (lacto-N-biose) using a glycosynthase from Thermus thermophilus as a catalyst, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 20 (2009 1243–1246.
T. Satoh, T. Odamaki, M. Namura, T. Shimizu, and K. Iwatsuki, In vitro comparative evaluation of the impact of lacto-N-biose I, a major building block of human milk oligosaccharides, on the fecal microbiota of infants, Anaerobe 19 (2013) 50–57.
C. Kunz, S. Kuntz, and S. Rudloffl, Bioactivity of human milk oligosaccharides, in Food Oligosaccharides: Production, Analysis, and Bioactivity, 1st ed., J. Moreno and M. Sanz, Eds. New York: JohnWiley and Sons, Ltd., 2014, pp. 5–20.
L. Bode, Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama, Glycobiology 22 (2012) 1147–1162.
D. L. Oliveira, R. A. Wilbey, A. S. Grandison, and L. B. Roseiro, Milk oligosaccharides: A review, Int. J. Dairy Technol. 68 (2015) 305–321.
P. Chaturvedi, C. Warren, C. Buescher, L. Pickering, and D. Newburg, Survival of human milk oligosaccharides in the intestine of infants, in Bioactive Components of Human Milk. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Vol 501, D. Newburg, Ed. Boston: Springer, 2001, pp. 315–323.
R. E. Ward, M. Nin, D. A. Mills, C. B. Lebrilla, and J. B. German, In vitro fermentation o f breast milk oligosaccharides by Bifidobacterium infantis and Lactobacillus gasseri, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 (2006) 4497–4499.
H. Harmsen et al., Analysis of intestinal flora development in breast- fed and formula-fed infants by using molecular identification and detection methods, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 30 (2000) 61–67.
S. M. Donovan, Human milk components in gastrointestinal development: Current knowledge and future needs, J. Pediatr. 149 (2006) S49–S61.
D. S. Newburg, G. M. Ruiz-Palacios, and A. L. Morrow, Human milk glycans protect infants against enteric pathogens, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 25 (2005) 37–58.
A. Lucas, R. Morley, T. Cole, G. Lister, and C. Leeson-Payne, Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm, Lancet, 339 (1992) P261–P264.
B. Wang, Sialic acid is an essential nutrient for brain development and cognition sialic acid is an essential nutrient for brain development and cognition, Annu. Rev. Nutr. 29 (2009) 177–222.
L. Svennerholm, K. Bostrom, P. Fredman, J. Mansson, B. Rosengren, and B. Rynmark, Human brain gangliosides: developmental changes from early fetal stage to advanced age, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1005 (1989) 109–117.
O. Atochina and D. Harn, LNFPIII/LeX-stimulated macrophages activate natural killer cells via CD40-CD40L interaction, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 12 (2005) 1041–1049.
A. W. Walker et al., Dominant and diet-responsive groups of Bacteria within the human colonic microbiota, ISME J. 5 (2010) 220– 230.
C. L. Maynard, C. O. Elson, R. D. Hatton, and C. T. Weaver, Reciprocal interactions of the intestinal microbiota and immune system, Nature 489 (2012) 231–241.
A. Marcobal et a A. Marcobal et al., Bacteroides in the infant gut consume milk, Cell Host Microbe 10 (2011) 507–514.
G. Hybridization, R. G. Locascio, P. Desai, D. A. Sela, B. Weimer, and D. A. Mills, Broad conservation of milk utilization genes in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis as revealed by comparative, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76 (2010) 7373–7381.
S. Asakuma et al., Physiology of consumption of human milk oligosaccharides by infant gut-associated Bifidobacteria, J. Biol. Chem. 286 (2011) 34583–34592.
M. Kitaoka, Bifidobacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides, Adv. Nutr. 3 (2012) 422S-429S.
S. Hakomori, Structure and function of glycosphingolipids and sphingolipids: Recollections and future trends, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1780 (2008) 325–346.
D. Derensy-Dron, F. Krzewinski, C. Brassart, and S. Biologique, ?-1, 3-galactosyl-N-acetylhexosamine phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20082: Characterization, partial purification, and relation to mucin degradation, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.10 (1999) 3–10.
M. Miwa and T. Horimoto, Cooperation of ?-galactosidase and ?-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Bifidobacteria in Assimilation of Human Milk Oligosaccharides with Type 2 Structure, Glycobiology 20 (2010) 1402–1409.
M. Nishimoto and M. Kitaoka, Identification of N-Acetylhexosamine 1- kinase in the complete lacto-N-biose I/galacto-N-biose betabolic pathway in Bifidobacterium longum, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73 (2007) 6444–6449.
F. De Bruyn, J. Beauprez, J. Maertens, W. Soetaert, and M. De Mey, Unraveling the Leloir pathway of Bifidobacterium bifidum: significance of the uridylyltransferases, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 79 (2013) 7028–2035.
K. Fujita et al., Identification and molecular cloning of a novel glycoside hydrolase family of core 1 type O-glycan-specific endo-?-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Bifidobacterium longum, J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 37415–37422.
M. Nishimoto and M. Kitaoka, Practical preparation of lacto- N-biose I , a candidate for the bifidus factor in human milk, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71 (2007) 2101–2104.
J. Xiao et al., Distribution ofin vitro fermentation ability of lacto-N- biose i, a major building block of human milk oligosaccharides, in Bifidobacterial strains, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76 (2010) 54– 59.
M. Goto, Y. Takano-ishikawa, M. Nishimoto, and M. Kitaoka, Effect of lacto-N-biose I on the antigen-specific immune responses of splenocytes, Biosci. Microbiota, Food, Heal. 31 (2012) 47–50.
S. Fort, H. Kim, and O. Hindsgaul, Screening for galectin-3 inhibitors from synthetic lacto-N-biose libraries using microscale affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, J. Org. Chem. 71 (2006) 7146–7154.
H. M. Flowers and R. W. Jeanloz, The aynthesis of 2-acetamido-2- deoxy-3-O-(?-D-galactopyranosyl)-?-D-glucose, J. Org. Chem. 28 (1963) 1377–1379.
D. Blank, V. Dotz, R. Geyer, and C. Kunz, Human milk oligosaccharides and Lewis blood group: Individual high-throughput sample profiling to enhance conclusions from functional studies, Adv. Nutr. 3 (2012) 440S-449S.
Z. Du et al., Lacto-N-biose synthesis via a modular enzymatic cascade with ATP regeneration, Science 24 (2021) 102236.
H. Fujimoto, Regioselective Synthesis of ?-D-Gal-(1?3)-D-Glcnac using ?-Galactosidase from Xanthomonas manihotis, J. Carbohydr. Chem., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 37–41, 2006.
A. Vetere, M. Miletich, M. Bosco, and S. Paoletti, Regiospecific glycosidase-assisted synthesis of lacto-N-biose I (Gal?1-3GlcNAc) and 3’-sialyl-lacto-N-biose I (NeuAc?2 -3Gal?1-3GlcNAc), Eur. J. Biochem. 247 (2000) 942–949.
E. Yoshida, H. Sakurama, and M. Kiyohara, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis uses two different ? -galactosidases for selectively degrading type-1 and type-2 human milk oligosaccharides, Glycobiology 22 (2012) 361–368.
G. N. Bidart, J. Rodríguez-díaz, V. Monedero, and M. J. Yebra, A Unique Gene Cluster for the Utilization of the Mucosal and Human Milk- Associated Glycans Galacto-N-Biose and Lacto-N-Biose in Lactobacillus casei, Mol. Microbiol. 93 (2014) 521–538.
W. E. Kiyat, Enzymatic Synthesis of Lacto-N-Biose I from Lactose and GlcNAc using Lactose Phosphorylase and Lacto-N-Biose I Phosphorylase, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia, 2017.