Experimental and numerical investigation of laboratory scale sheetpipe-typed automatic subsurface irrigation
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Keywords:
sheet-pipe, land and water management, automation, internet of things, water table
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Abstract
Sheet pipe is a type of perforated pipe used for drainage designed initially for drainage but has the potential for sub-surface irrigation. The objectives of this study were to experiment and observe the performance of the sub-surface irrigation control system with sheet pipe. This investigation covered the observation of water table control and its effect on soil moisture. The detailed process of water flow during the setting of the water table was numerically modeled in 2 dimensions to observe the distribution of soil moisture, soil pressure, and flux. The results showed that the system successfully controlled the water table at the desired level in the experiment. The developed two-dimensional numerical simulation showed the distribution of soil moisture in the model center as a response to the water table increase, represented by the variable head. The soil wetting advances toward soil surface driven by the water table, which was increased gradually and reached saturation at the height of water table setpoint.
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Saptomo, S. K., Rudiyanto, Askari, M., Arif, C., Suwarno, W. B., Adlan, Rusianto, Setiawan, B. I., Tamura, K., & Matsuda, H. (2021). Experimental and numerical investigation of laboratory scale sheetpipe-typed automatic subsurface irrigation. Communications in Science and Technology, 6(2), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.6.2.2021.604
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References
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H. Matsuda, K. Tamura, B. Setiawan, and S. Saptomo, Effects of drainage by the sheet pipe on the suction and volume water content of subsurface layer, 2019.
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H. M. Ediarmanto, A. B. M. Arshad, E. Wildayana, and M. S. Imanudin, Land evaluation for paddy cultivation in the reclaimed tidal lowland in Delta Saleh, South Sumatra, Indonesia, J. Sustain. Sci. Manag., 8 (2013).
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N. L. Powell and F. S. Wright, Grain yield of subsurface microirrigated corn as affected by irrigation line spacing, Agron. J., vol. 85, no. 6, 1993.
B. R. Hanson, L. J. Schwankl, K. F. Schulbach, and G. S. Pettygrove, A comparison of furrow, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on lettuce yield and applied water, Agric. Water Manag., 33 (1997).
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A. Sakaguchi, Y. Yanai, and H. Sasaki, Subsurface irrigation system design for vegetable production using HYDRUS-2D, Agric. Water Manag., 219 (2019).
T. H. Skaggs, T. J. Trout, and Y. Rothfuss, Drip irrigation water distribution patterns: effects of emitter rate, pulsing, and antecedent water, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 74 (2010).
S. Dabach, N. Lazarovitch, J. Šim?nek, and U. Shani, Numerical investigation of irrigation scheduling based on soil water status, Irrig. Sci., 31 (2013).
M. N. El-Nesr, A. A. Alazba, and J. Šim?nek, HYDRUS simulations of the effects of dual-drip subsurface irrigation and a physical barrier on water movement and solute transport in soils, Irrig. Sci., 32 (2014).
T. H. Skaggs, T. J. Trout, J. Šim?nek, and P. J. Shouse, Comparison of HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental observations, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 130 (2004).
M. M. Kandelous and J. Šim?nek, Numerical simulations of water movement in a subsurface drip irrigation system under field and laboratory conditions using HYDRUS-2D, Agric. Water Manag., 97 (2010).
M. M. Kandelous, J. Šim?nek, M. T. van Genuchten, and K. Malek, Soil water content distributions between two emitters of a subsurface drip irrigation system, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75 (2011).
R. Saefuddin, H. Saito, and J. Šim?nek, Experimental and numerical evaluation of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation, Agric. Water Manag., 2019.
J. Šimunek, M. T. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, Recent developments and applications of the HYDRUS computer software packages, Vadose Zo. J., 2016.
D. E. Radcliffe and J. Šimunek, Soil physics with HYDRUS: Modeling and applications. 2010.
B. I. Setiawan et al., Automatic subsurface irrigation and drainage using sheet-pipe typed mole drain., 2019.
S. K. Saptomo et al., Development of laboratory scale model of field automatic water control system with sheetpipe technology, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 871 (2021).
P. Leeds-Harrison, G. Spoor, and R. J. Godwin, Water flow to mole drains, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 27 (1982).
J. Šimunek, M. T. Van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, The HYDRUS software package for simulating the two-and three-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated porous media, Tech. manual, version, 2 (2012).
M. T. van Genuchten, A Closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44 (1980) 892–898.
Y. Mualem, A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 1976.
H. Saito, J. Šimunek, and B. P. Mohanty, Numerical analysis of coupled water, vapor, and heat transport in the vadose zone, Vadose Zo. J., 2 (2006).
M. Mohammed, K. Riad, and N. Alqahtani, Efficient IoT-based control for a smart subsurface irrigation system to enhance irrigation management of date palm, Sensors, 21 (2021).
C. Kamienski et al., Smart water management platform: IoT-based precision irrigation for agriculture, Sensors (Switzerland), 2019.
R. Ullah et al., EEWMP: An IoT-Based energy-efficient water management platform for smart irrigation, Sci. Program., 2021 (2021).
E. Nigussie, T. Olwal, G. Musumba, T. Tegegne, A. Lemma, and F. Mekuria, IoT-based irrigation management for smallholder farmers in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, in Procedia Computer Science, 177 (2020).
J. Bear, Hydraulics of groundwater., 1979.
D. Hillel, Environmental Soil Physics. New York: Academic Press, 1998.
Jury, W. A., W. R. Gardner, and W. H. Gardner, Soil Physics, 5th ed. New York.: John Wiley, 1991.
R. F. Carsel and R. S. Parrish, Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics, Water Resour. Res., 24 (1988) 755–769.
K. Yuge, K. Hamada, M. Anan, A. Hirakawa, and Y. Shinogi, Evaluation of soil water movement under subsurface irrigation in dark-red clay soil fields in Okinawa, J. Clay Sci. Soc. Japan (in Japanese), 52 (2014).
K. Hamada, K. Yuge, M. Anan, A. Hirakawa, and Y. Shinogi, Evaluation of the water saving effect of subsurface irrigation in shimajiri mahji soil fields, J. Food, Agric. Environ., 13 (2015).
M. H. J. P. Gunarathna et al., Optimized subsurface irrigation system: The future of sugarcane irrigation, Water (Switzerland), 10 (2018).
M. H. J. P. Gunarathna et al., Optimized subsurface irrigation system (OPSIS): Beyond traditional subsurface irrigation, Water (Switzerland), 9 (2017).
C. Arif, M. I. Fauzan, K. S. Satyanto, I. S. Budi, and M. Masaru, Developing automatic water table control system for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, 2018.
J. L. Fouss, R. W. Skaggs, and J. E. Ayars, Irrigation via watertable control, in ASAE Publication, 1990.
J. L. Fouss, R. O. Evans, J. E. Ayars, and E. W. Christen, Water table control systems, Des. Oper. Farm Irrig. Syst., (1991) 684–724.
M. D. Dukes and J. M. Scholberg, Soil moisture controlled subsurface drip irrigation on sandy soils, Appl. Eng. Agric., 21 (2005).
P. B. Charlesworth, Investigation of the efficiency and long term performance of various sub-surface irrigation configurations under field conditions, School of Agriculture Charles Sturt University New South Wales., 2003.
H. Matsuda, K. Tamura, B. Setiawan, and S. Saptomo, Effects of drainage by the sheet pipe on the suction and volume water content of subsurface layer, 2019.
B. I. Setiawan, SK. Saptomo, C. Arif, AA. Sulaiman, S. Herodian, H.Matsuda et al., Waterflow in the Paddy Field Installed with Sheetpipe Mole Drains, 2019.
C. Arif, B.I. Setiawan, S.K. Saptomo, H. Matsuda, K. Tamura, Y. Inoue et al., Performances of sheet-pipe typed subsurface drainage on land and water productivity of paddy fields in Indonesia, Water (Switzerland), 13 (2021).
P. Sasmita, N. Agustiani, S. Margaret, A. M. Yusup, and K. Tamura, The effect of sheet-pipe technology aplication on soil properties, rice growth, yield and prospect to increase planting index, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 648 (2021).
A. Mulyani, D. Nursyamsi, and M. Syakir, Strategies for utilizing land resources to achieve sustainable self sufficiency on rice, J. L. Resour., 11 (2017).
Ar-Riza and Alkasuma, Pertanian lahan rawa pasang surut dan strategi pengembangannya dalam era otonomi daerah (tidal swamp farming and its development strategy in the era of regional autonomy) (in Indonesian), J. Sumberd. Lahan, 2 (2008) 95–104.
B. P. Statistik, Statistik Indonesia tahun 2016 (Indonesian statistics 2016) (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016.
S. Fukai and M. Ouk, Increased productivity of rainfed lowland rice cropping systems of the Mekong region, Crop and Pasture Science, 63 (2012).
K. Watanabe, Improvement in rainfed rice production during an era of rapid national economic growth: A case study of a village in Northeast Thailand, Southeast Asian Stud., 6 (2017).
H. M. Ediarmanto, A. B. M. Arshad, E. Wildayana, and M. S. Imanudin, Land evaluation for paddy cultivation in the reclaimed tidal lowland in Delta Saleh, South Sumatra, Indonesia, J. Sustain. Sci. Manag., 8 (2013).
M. S. Imanudin, E. Armanto, R. H. Susanto, and S. M. Bernas, Water table Fluctuation in tidal lowland for developing agricultural water management strategies, J. TANAH Trop. (Journal Trop. Soils), 15 (2010).
M. S. Imanudin, E. Armanto, R. H. Susanto, and S. M. Bernas, The study water table fluctuation in tidal lowland for developing agricultural water management strategies: (A case study for corn cultivation after rice), 2010.
N. L. Powell and F. S. Wright, Grain yield of subsurface microirrigated corn as affected by irrigation line spacing, Agron. J., vol. 85, no. 6, 1993.
B. R. Hanson, L. J. Schwankl, K. F. Schulbach, and G. S. Pettygrove, A comparison of furrow, surface drip, and subsurface drip irrigation on lettuce yield and applied water, Agric. Water Manag., 33 (1997).
C. R. Camp, Subsurface drip irrigation: A review, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 41 (1998).
A. Sakaguchi, Y. Yanai, and H. Sasaki, Subsurface irrigation system design for vegetable production using HYDRUS-2D, Agric. Water Manag., 219 (2019).
T. H. Skaggs, T. J. Trout, and Y. Rothfuss, Drip irrigation water distribution patterns: effects of emitter rate, pulsing, and antecedent water, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 74 (2010).
S. Dabach, N. Lazarovitch, J. Šim?nek, and U. Shani, Numerical investigation of irrigation scheduling based on soil water status, Irrig. Sci., 31 (2013).
M. N. El-Nesr, A. A. Alazba, and J. Šim?nek, HYDRUS simulations of the effects of dual-drip subsurface irrigation and a physical barrier on water movement and solute transport in soils, Irrig. Sci., 32 (2014).
T. H. Skaggs, T. J. Trout, J. Šim?nek, and P. J. Shouse, Comparison of HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental observations, J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 130 (2004).
M. M. Kandelous and J. Šim?nek, Numerical simulations of water movement in a subsurface drip irrigation system under field and laboratory conditions using HYDRUS-2D, Agric. Water Manag., 97 (2010).
M. M. Kandelous, J. Šim?nek, M. T. van Genuchten, and K. Malek, Soil water content distributions between two emitters of a subsurface drip irrigation system, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 75 (2011).
R. Saefuddin, H. Saito, and J. Šim?nek, Experimental and numerical evaluation of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation, Agric. Water Manag., 2019.
J. Šimunek, M. T. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, Recent developments and applications of the HYDRUS computer software packages, Vadose Zo. J., 2016.
D. E. Radcliffe and J. Šimunek, Soil physics with HYDRUS: Modeling and applications. 2010.
B. I. Setiawan et al., Automatic subsurface irrigation and drainage using sheet-pipe typed mole drain., 2019.
S. K. Saptomo et al., Development of laboratory scale model of field automatic water control system with sheetpipe technology, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 871 (2021).
P. Leeds-Harrison, G. Spoor, and R. J. Godwin, Water flow to mole drains, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 27 (1982).
J. Šimunek, M. T. Van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, The HYDRUS software package for simulating the two-and three-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated porous media, Tech. manual, version, 2 (2012).
M. T. van Genuchten, A Closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44 (1980) 892–898.
Y. Mualem, A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media, Water Resour. Res., 1976.
H. Saito, J. Šimunek, and B. P. Mohanty, Numerical analysis of coupled water, vapor, and heat transport in the vadose zone, Vadose Zo. J., 2 (2006).
M. Mohammed, K. Riad, and N. Alqahtani, Efficient IoT-based control for a smart subsurface irrigation system to enhance irrigation management of date palm, Sensors, 21 (2021).
C. Kamienski et al., Smart water management platform: IoT-based precision irrigation for agriculture, Sensors (Switzerland), 2019.
R. Ullah et al., EEWMP: An IoT-Based energy-efficient water management platform for smart irrigation, Sci. Program., 2021 (2021).
E. Nigussie, T. Olwal, G. Musumba, T. Tegegne, A. Lemma, and F. Mekuria, IoT-based irrigation management for smallholder farmers in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, in Procedia Computer Science, 177 (2020).
J. Bear, Hydraulics of groundwater., 1979.
D. Hillel, Environmental Soil Physics. New York: Academic Press, 1998.
Jury, W. A., W. R. Gardner, and W. H. Gardner, Soil Physics, 5th ed. New York.: John Wiley, 1991.
R. F. Carsel and R. S. Parrish, Developing joint probability distributions of soil water retention characteristics, Water Resour. Res., 24 (1988) 755–769.
K. Yuge, K. Hamada, M. Anan, A. Hirakawa, and Y. Shinogi, Evaluation of soil water movement under subsurface irrigation in dark-red clay soil fields in Okinawa, J. Clay Sci. Soc. Japan (in Japanese), 52 (2014).
K. Hamada, K. Yuge, M. Anan, A. Hirakawa, and Y. Shinogi, Evaluation of the water saving effect of subsurface irrigation in shimajiri mahji soil fields, J. Food, Agric. Environ., 13 (2015).
M. H. J. P. Gunarathna et al., Optimized subsurface irrigation system: The future of sugarcane irrigation, Water (Switzerland), 10 (2018).
M. H. J. P. Gunarathna et al., Optimized subsurface irrigation system (OPSIS): Beyond traditional subsurface irrigation, Water (Switzerland), 9 (2017).
C. Arif, M. I. Fauzan, K. S. Satyanto, I. S. Budi, and M. Masaru, Developing automatic water table control system for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, 2018.
J. L. Fouss, R. W. Skaggs, and J. E. Ayars, Irrigation via watertable control, in ASAE Publication, 1990.
J. L. Fouss, R. O. Evans, J. E. Ayars, and E. W. Christen, Water table control systems, Des. Oper. Farm Irrig. Syst., (1991) 684–724.
M. D. Dukes and J. M. Scholberg, Soil moisture controlled subsurface drip irrigation on sandy soils, Appl. Eng. Agric., 21 (2005).
P. B. Charlesworth, Investigation of the efficiency and long term performance of various sub-surface irrigation configurations under field conditions, School of Agriculture Charles Sturt University New South Wales., 2003.